• Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF

  2022-02-18

  

  Accumulating evidence suggests that the NGF family of neurotrophins have important modulatory roles in opioid analgesia and addiction [36]. The NGF family of neurotrophins include NGF, 4-IPP derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), neurotrophin-3 (NT3), and neurotrophin-4 (NT4) [37]. BDNF knockout mice d

• It is apparent from the

  2022-02-18

  

  It is apparent from the data in that none of the ligands exhibits significant toxicity as determined by the viability of human embryonic kidney (HEK 293) cells at a concentration of 100 μM. It is also apparent from the data in and that a number of the ligands inhibit the HIV-1 IN enzyme. However,

• We also evaluated the effect of varying ionic str

  2022-02-18

  

  We also evaluated the effect of varying ionic strength. These experiments included previously characterized H3 (residues 1–21) and SNAIL (residues 1–9) peptides [8], [34] to allow a comparative analysis with different ligands (Fig. 1A). As shown in Fig. 2 and listed in Table 2, it is evident that a

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Introduction Hyal

  2022-02-18

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of

• According to the literature HER

  2022-02-17

  

  According to the literature, HER2 mutations are present in 2–4% of lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) patients. Most HER2 mutations are in-frame insertional mutations occurring at exon 20 in the protein kinase domain [[2], [3], [4], [5]]. Although several small molecules and HER2 VX-509 have been tested for

• Following nerve injury Shh expression is upregulated

  2022-02-17

  

  Following nerve injury, Shh expression is upregulated in neuronal cell bodies of the facial and sciatic nerves. Additionally, Shh appears to be required for normal regeneration in vivo, and promotes motor neuron survival in vitro (Martinez et al., 2015; Akazawa and Kohsaka, 2007). Based on these obs

• br Hedgehog pathway in embryonic development It

  2022-02-17

  

  Hedgehog pathway in embryonic development It is now well established that the Hedgehog pathway solves a role as one of the essential signaling mechanisms for the modulation of cellular growth and differentiation during embryogenesis. Operating through time- and position-dependent mechanisms, this

• 84 br Discussion br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2022-02-17

  

  Discussion Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We thank Rosetta Barkley for expert technical assistance. We thank Robin Maser, James Calvet, Darren Wallace, and Jovanka Koo for many helpful discussions and expert technical advice. This work was supported by National Institutes of Health,

• br Several reports have shown an anti proliferative

  2022-02-17

  

  Several reports have shown an anti-proliferative effect of type I IFNs on CD4+ T Parathyroid Hormone (1-34), bovine mg activated in vitro either upon anti-CD3 antibody treatment [28,29] or upon cognate antigen stimulation [29]. However, the in vivo setting is a lot more complex, since the final ou

• Gp induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms

  2022-02-17

  

  Gp120 induces cell death by apoptotic mechanisms and increases intracellular Ca, and activates messengers related to cell death. Intracellular mechanisms of neuronal damage are mainly a consequence of the activation of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) [2], [5], which induces excitotoxicity

• Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when ew

  2022-02-17

  

  Previous studies showed that pregnancy rate improves when ewes have a BCS that exceeds a minimum threshold [43]. The pregnancy rate is increased in sheep with BCS ≥2.5 [44] and >2 [45]. In this work, pregnancy rate was higher in the GnRH group with low BCS compared to the hCG and Control groups. Des

• There are three classes of receptors for herpes

  2022-02-17

  

  There are three classes of receptors for herpes virus gD have been described [18,24]. Among those three, herpes virus entry mediator A (HveA) is also known as HVEM. This receptor is a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily [25]. The other class of receptors is HveC which is

• In conclusion we have designed

  2022-02-17

  

  In conclusion, we have designed and characterized a novel series of EAAT-blockers, exemplified by (-[4-(2-bromo-4,5-difluorophenoxy)phenyl]--asparagine)—a potent, selective, competitive non-substrate inhibitor of EAAT-2. As one of the most potent and selective EAAT-2 inhibitors identified to date,

• Na K ATPase adenosine triphosphate ATP

  2022-02-17

  

  Na+/K+-ATPase, hoechst 33258 receptor and astrocytic glutamate transporters act together to maintain sodium and potassium gradients and the proper activities of EAAT1 and EAAT2 (Rose et al., 2009; Sheean et al., 2013); nevertheless, in present study, Na+/K+-ATPase activity was shown to be increased

• The plasma levels of glucose and amino acids

  2022-02-17

  

  The plasma levels of glucose and amino acids at day likely represent the function in utero since the blood was collected within 2h after birth. To elucidate the roles of intestinal transporters as determinants of plasma levels of glucose and amino acids, we analyzed the correlation between the expre

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