• Thiol are reduced by two major redox

  2025-01-09

  

  Thiol are reduced by two major redox systems, glutathione/glutaredoxin (GRX) and thioredoxin (TRX), which have been extensively studied in plants [13], [14], [15]. Glutathione, a thiol-containing tripeptide, exists in a reduced (GSH) or an oxidized form (GSSG). It has a major role as a redox buffer.

• We found that decreased Ng

  2025-01-09

  

  We found that decreased Ng levels lead to a lower threshold for LTD induction at L4–L2/3 synapses. Previous studies in hippocampal slice culture have shown that LTD at individual synapses induces spine elimination at both the targeted synapse and selective neighboring synapses when spines are monito

• In the past few years several experimental

  2025-01-08

  

  In the past few years, several experimental findings have demonstrated a pivotal involvement of adenosine also in driving the phenotypic switch of macrophages. In particular, the stimulation of A2A and A2B receptors seems to play a critical role in switching macrophages from M1 to M2 phenotype [37,6

• Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously However this

  2025-01-08

  

  Actin is capable of polymerizing spontaneously. However, this process is relatively slow and kinetically unfavorable in cells. Formation of RK-33 dimers and trimers, which can easily disassemble due to their instability, is a rate-determining step in actin polymerization [5], [6]. The shape and the

• Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have

  2025-01-08

  

  Although several different membrane estrogen receptors have been reported (Qiu et al., 2008; Revankar et al., 2005), a large percentage of membrane-initiated steroid hormone signaling appears to be performed by a subpopulation of the same receptors that act in the nucleus. Specifically, estrogen rec

• PGR regulation of epithelium stroma crosstalk is proven by n

  2025-01-08

  

  PGR regulation of epithelium–stroma crosstalk is proven by numerous studies that utilize genetically engineered mouse models. Before embryo implantation, epithelial PGR mediates the progesterone signal to transcriptionally increase the Ihh levels 13, 15. Epithelial IHH then activates the stromal hed

• From a clinical utility standpoint this study

  2025-01-07

  

  From a clinical utility standpoint, this study showed that AR can be useful in the GATA3-positive tumor of unknown origin setting. Epidemiologically, in this setting, the top 2 diagnoses in the differential diagnosis are metastatic carcinoma of breast origin or urothelial origin [18]. Seven out of 1

• Pyrimidine is the important pharmacology core in many

  2025-01-06

  

  Pyrimidine is the important pharmacology core in many Aurora inhibitors, such as VX-680, ENMD-2076, CYC-116 and ENMD-2076 [12]. To identify additional effective Aurora inhibitors, we designed a series of 2,4-diaminopyrimidine compounds, our modeling studies suggested that the glycogen synthase kinas

• Autophagy is finalized through the coordinated positioning

  2025-01-06

  

  Autophagy is finalized through the coordinated positioning and fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, during which an array of common and specific membrane traffic-associated proteins is mobilized. Among these proteins, small GTPases, like Rab7, Rab34, or Arl8, and their Anticoccidial compound pr

• Molecular simulation has proven useful in describing the dyn

  2025-01-06

  

  Molecular simulation has proven useful in describing the dynamics and energetics of NMDA receptor LBD cleft closure and the potentiating role of glycans (Yao et al., 2013, Dai and Zhou, 2013, Dai and Zhou, 2015, Dai and Zhou, 2016, Dutta et al., 2015, Omotuyi and Ueda, 2015, Sinitskiy and Pande, 201

• br STAR Methods br Acknowledgments We thank Simcere

  2025-01-06

  

  STAR★Methods Acknowledgments We thank Simcere Pharmaceuticals, Nanjing, China, for providing a rabbit anti-VEGF neutralizing monoclonal antibody. We thank Dr. Schlisio in the Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Karolinska Institute, for assistance with hypoxia assay. Y.C.’s laboratory is sup

• br Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a

  2025-01-06

  

  Discussion Elevated blood BCAA levels are a common feature of a developed pathophysiological state characterized by obesity and IR [4]. It has been suggested that this profile is part of a panel of biomarkers able to predict the onset of more severe complications like diabetes in humans [14]. In

• br Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing

  2025-01-04

  

  Actin cytoskeleton in protrusion Pushing force driving membrane protrusion is generated by polymerizing high cholesterol symptoms filaments organized either into branched networks or parallel bundles. Branched networks are assembled through Arp2/3 complex-dependent actin nucleation and drive pro

• br Introduction Myasthenia gravis MG is an autoimmune

  2025-01-04

  

  Introduction Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disease characterised by failure of transmission at the neuromuscular junction (NMJ). In 80–85% of myasthenia gravis patients, the disease is mediated by antibodies to the nicotinic Heme Colorimetric Assay Kit receptor (AChR; (Lindstrom et al.

• Furthermore our lab previously reported that cadmium treatme

  2025-01-04

  

  Furthermore, our lab previously reported that cadmium treatment increased AChE-S and decreased AChE-R variants gene expression, which mediates the cell death observed on basal forebrain cholinergic neurons (Del Pino et al., 2016b). AChE-R decreased expression, which presents a neuroprotective role i

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